Though persistently overshadowed by the Great War in historical memory, the two Balkan conflicts of 19121913 were among the most consequential of the early twentieth century. By pitting the states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Montenegro against a diminished Ottoman Empireand subsequently against one anotherthey anticipated many of the horrors of twentieth-century warfare even as they produced the tense regional politics that helped spark World War I. Bringing together an international group of scholars, this volume applies the social and cultural insights of the new military history to revisit this critical episode with a central focus on the experiences of both combatants and civilians during wartime.

Katrin Boeckh is a Senior Researcher at the Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies in Regensburg and a Professor for East and Southeast European History at the LMU Munich. She is the author ofVon den Balkankriegen zum Ersten Weltkrieg. Kleinstaatenpolitik und ethnische Selbstbestimmung auf dem Balkan (1996) and co-editor, with Sabine Rutar, ofThe Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory (2017).

List of Tables
Acknowledgements

PART I: INTRODUCTIONS

Introduction:The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912/13. An Introduction
Katrin Boeckh and Sabine Rutar

Chapter 1.'Modern Wars' and 'Backward Societies': The Balkan Wars in the History of Twentieth-Century European Warfare
Wolfgang Höpken

PART II: BEYOND THE BALKANS: DIPLOMATIC AND GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS

Chapter 2.Ottoman Diplomacy on the Origins of The Balkan Wars
Gül Tokay

Chapter 3.Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Balkan Wars: A Diplomatic Struggle for Peace, Influence, and Supremacy
Alma Hannig

Chapter 4.Not Just a Prelude: The First Balkan War Crisis as the Catalyst of Final European War Preparations
Michael Hesselholt Clemmesen

PART III: ARMIES, SOLDIERS, IRREGULARS

Chapter 5.The Ottoman Mobilisation in the Balkan War. Failure and Reorganisation
Mehmet Beikçi

Chapter 6.The Thracian Theatre of War 1912
Richard C. Hall

Chapter 7.Morale, Ideology, and the Barbarization of Warfare among Greek Soldiers
Spyridon Tsoutsoumpis

Chapter 8.A Forgotten Lesson: The Romanian Army between the Campaign in Bulgaria (1913) and the Tutrakan Debacle (1916)
Claudiu-Lucian Topor

Chapter 9.Serbian Chetniks. Traditions of Irregular Warfare
Alexey Timofeev

PART IV: CIVILIANS, WOUNDED, INVALIDS

Chapter 10.The Future Enemys Soldiers-To-Be: Fear of War in Trieste, Austria-Hungary
Sabine Rutar

Chapter 11.The Plight of the Muslim Population in Salonica and Surrounding Areas
Vera Goseva and Natasha Kotlar-Traykova

Chapter 12.Cleansing the Nation: War-Related Demographic Changes in Macedonia
Iakovos D. Michailidis

Chapter 13.Jewish Philanthropy and Mutual Assistance Between Ottomanism and Communal Identities
Eyal Ginio

Chapter 14.The Assistance of the British Red Cross to the Ottoman Empire
Oya Dalar Macar

Chapter 15.War Neurosis and Psychiatry in the Aftermath of the Balkan Wars
Heike Karge

Conclusion
Katrin Boeckh and Sabine Rutar

Index