International cooperation on the health of seafarers began many years ago. As early as 1921, an international convention regarding this matter was presented to govern ments of maritime countries for ratification. The First World Health Assembly, in 1948, recommended that WHO should establish, with the International Labour Of fice, a Joint Committee on the hygiene of seafarers. The first session of this Com mittee, held in 1949, defined the problems affecting the health of seamen and made a number of recommendations. In the opinion of this Joint Committee, the health of seamen called for interna tional attention for a nu mb er of reasons. By the nature of his work, the seafarer is obliged to travel from country to country and is exposed to great variations of cli mate and also to any disease that may be prevalent in the port of call. He may there fore become a carrier of disease, so that the protection of his health is of importance not only to himself and the other members of the crew but also to the populations of other countries he visits. Yet, on account ofthe nature ofhis employment, it is diffi cult to provide the seafarer with the same standard of health care that is gene rally available to other sections of the population.

Inhaltsangabe1 Introduction to Nautical Medicine.- 1.1 The History of Nautical Medicine.- 1.1.1 A Medical View of the Development of Shipbuilding and.- Navigation.- 1.1.2 Hygiene.- 1.1.2.1 Diet.- 1.1.2.2 Water Supply.- 1.1.2.3 Ventilation.- 1.1.2.4 Cleanliness, Heating and Lighting.- 1.1.2.5 Clothing.- 1.1.3 Quarantine.- 1.1.4 Diseases at Sea.- 1.1.4.1 Scurvy.- 1.1.4.2 Tropical Diseases.- 1.1.4.3 Other Diseases.- 1.1.4.4 Seasickness (Kinetosis).- 1.1.4.5 Venereal Diseases.- References.- 1.2 The Ship's Doctor, Yesterday and Today.- 1.2.1 Greek and Roman Age.- 1.2.2 The Middle Ages and Venice.- 1.2.3 The Age of the Explorers.- 1.2.4 French Naval Medicine.- 1.2.5 British Naval Medicine.- 1.2.6 The Ship's Doctor, the Pharmacist and the Medicine Chest.- 1.2.7 Medical Guides and Famous Ship's Doctors.- 1.2.8 The Ship's Doctor in Recent Decades and Nowadays.- References.- 1.3 The Ship's Medical Centre and Medicine Chest.- 1.3.1 Shipbuilding.- 1.3.2 Number of Crew.- 1.3.3 Vessels Engaged in Deep Sea Voyages.- 1.3.3.1 Passenger Vessels.- 1.3.4 Doctor on Board.- 1.3.4.1 Cruise Ships.- 1.3.4.2 Cargo Ships.- 1.3.5 The Ship's Medicine Chest.- 1.3.5.1 Ships Carrying Dangerous Cargo.- 1.3.5.2 High-Risk Vessels.- 1.3.5.3 Fishing Vessels.- 1.3.5.4 Vessels Solely Engaged in Coastal Regions.- 1.3.5.5 Vessels in Deep Sea Voyages.- 1.3.5.6 Accidents (see also Chapt. 3.2).- 1.3.5.7 Common Cold.- 1.3.5.8 Gonorrhoea and Other Venereal Diseases.- 1.3.5.9 Skin Diseases.- 1.3.5.10 Dental Complaints.- 1.3.5.11 Stomach and Intestinal Complaints.- 1.3.5.12 Diseases of Muscles and Joints.- 1.3.5.13 Eye Trouble.- 1.3.5.14 Kidney and Bladder Complaints.- 1.3.5.15 Mycosis.- 1.3.5.16 Ear Trouble.- 1.3.5.17 Burns.- 1.3.5.18 Lice, Pediculosis.- 1.3.5.19 Constipation.- 1.3.5.20 Haemorrhoids.- 1.3.5.21 Nervous Complaints.- 1.3.5.22 Scabies.- 1.3.5.23 Kinetosis (Seasickness).- 1.3.5.24 Psychosis/Alcoholism (see also 1.3.5.21).- 1.3.5.25 Abscesses.- 1.3.5.26 Hepatitis.- 1.3.5.27 Diabetes.- 1.3.5.28 Miscarriage.- 1.3.5.29 Epilepsy.- 1.3.5.30 Asthma.- 1.3.6 Other Medical Supplies.- 1.3.6.1 Medicines for Diseases of the Heart and Cardiovascular System.- 1.3.6.2 Analgesics.- 1.3.6.3 Antibiotics.- 1.3.6.4 Cortisone.- 1.3.6.5 Infusions.- 1.3.6.6 Disinfectant.- 1.3.6.7 Injection Syringes and Needles.- 1.3.7 Control of Medical Chest.- 1.3.8 Definition of Medicaments.- 1.3.9 Training.- 1.3.9.1 Doctor on Board (see also Chapt. 1.2).- 1.3.9.2 No Doctor on Board (see also Chapt 1 4).- 1.3.10 Medical Locker.- 1.3.11 Radio Advice (see also Chapt. 1.4).- 1.3.12 Conclusion.- References.- 1.4 Medical Care on Ships Without a Doctor - Radio Medical Advice.- 1.4.1 Health Situation on Board.- 1.4.2 Who Performs Medical Treatment on Board?.- 1.4.3 Medical Education of Shipboard Personnel.- 1.4.4 Radio Medical Advice.- 1.4.4.1 The Ship's Side - Medical Emergencies on Board.- 1.4.4.2 The Shoreside - Who Gives Radio Medical Advice?.- 1.4.4.3 Results of Radio Medical Advice.- 1.4.4.4 Conclusion.- References.- 2 The Seafarer's Environment.- 2.1 Work and Recreation at Sea.- 2.1.1 Work Structure and Hazards of the Individual Shipping Branches.- 2.1.2 Occupational Health Conditions of Individual Working Areas.- 2.1.3 Results of the Examinations of the Psycho-physical Load in Crew Members on Board Seagoing Vessels.- 2.1.4 Leisure Time - Hobbies and Games.- 2.1.5 Future Problems of Occupational Health and Physiology.- References.- 2.2 Ship Design - its Effects on the Seafarer's Physical and Mental Health.- 2.2.1 Introduction.- 2.2.2 Work Environment Problems on Ships.- 2.2.2.1 Lighting (see also Chapt. 2.5).- 2.2.2.2 Noise (see also Chapt. 2.6).- 2.2.2.3 Vibration (see also Chapt. 2.6).- 2.2.2.4 Thermal Environment (see also Chapt. 2.4).- 2.2.2.5 Air Pollution.- 2.2.2.6 Accidents and General Work Problems.- 2.2.3 Design for Better Working Conditions.- 2.2.3.1 Examples of Measures.- 2.2.3.2 Project Methodology.- 2.2.3.3 Evaluation.- References.- 2.3 The Effect of the Macroclimate.- 2.3.1 External Climatic Condit