Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 63. Chapters: Jewish Swiss history, Swiss Jews, Synagogues in Switzerland, Albert Einstein, Felix Bloch, Ruth Dreifuss, Switzerland during the World Wars, Alain de Botton, Sholem Aleichem, Biala, Berne Trial, Robert Frank, Carlo Strenger, Maurice Abravanel, Ernest Bloch, Leon Botstein, Alexis von Rosenberg, Baron de Redé, World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks, Victor Goldschmidt, Sabina Spielrein, Kastner train, Madeleine M. Kunin, Hans Jakob Polotsky, Georges Brunschvig, Edmond H. Fischer, Rolf Liebermann, David Frankfurter, Albert Cohen, Tadeus Reichstein, Alexandre Rabinovitch-Barakovsky, Jean Starobinski, David Wurmser, Marcel Lang, Rosa Rein, Méret Oppenheim, Leon Wurmser, Paul Kletzki, Jacqui Safra, Meyer Guggenheim, Gerard Wertheimer, Martin Rhonheimer, Léopold Szondi, Sigi Feigel, Al Dubin, Dani Levy, Jan Heller Levi, Jakob Klatzkin, Marcel Grossmann, Nessim Gaon, Kosov, Charles Weissmann, Michele Besso, Arthur Cohn, List of synagogues in Switzerland, Jean Dunand, Roger Schawinski, Pinkas Braun, Paul Parin, Martine Brunschwig Graf, Hekhal Haness Synagogue, Avraham Yaakov Finkel, Regina Ullmann, Basel massacre, Josué Jéhouda, Yakov Snyders. Excerpt: Albert Einstein (; German:; 14 March 1879 - 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led to the development of his special theory of relativity. He realized, however, that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and with his subsequent theory of gravitation in 1916, he published a paper on the general theory of relativity. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole. He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, and did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming a citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he helped alert President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Germany might be developing an atomic weapon, and recommended that the U.S. begin similar research; this eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein was in support of defending the Allied forces, but largely denounced using the new discovery of nuclear fission as a weapon.